The Old City of Baku, also known as Icherisheher, is the historical core of Azerbaijan’s capital and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Enclosed within ancient fortress walls, the Old City is a maze of narrow, cobblestone streets, centuries-old monuments, and a wealth of cultural heritage. A visit to Icherisheher is like stepping back in time, offering a glimpse into Baku’s rich history that spans over a millennium.
In this guide, we’ll explore the key attractions of the Old City, its historical significance, and provide tips for making the most of your visit to this timeless treasure.
The History of Icherisheher
Icherisheher is the oldest part of Baku, with a history dating back to at least the 12th century, though some evidence suggests settlements existed even earlier. Surrounded by fortified walls, the Old City once served as the center of political, economic, and cultural life in medieval Baku. It flourished as a key hub on the Silk Road, where traders from all over the world would pass through, leaving behind traces of their culture and traditions.
The Old City has been remarkably well-preserved, with restoration efforts over the years ensuring that its historical monuments and architecture continue to shine. In 2000, Icherisheher was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding cultural value.
Top Attractions in Old City Baku
1. Maiden Tower (Qız Qalası)
The Maiden Tower is one of the most iconic landmarks of Baku and a symbol of the city. Standing at 29.5 meters (97 feet) tall, the tower dates back to the 12th century, although its origins and purpose remain the subject of much speculation. Some believe it was a watchtower, while others suggest it served as a Zoroastrian temple.
- Climb to the Top: Visitors can climb the spiral staircase inside the tower to reach the top, where they’ll be rewarded with stunning panoramic views of the Old City, Baku’s modern skyline, and the Caspian Sea.
- Legends: The tower is shrouded in legend, with one of the most famous tales involving a king and his daughter. According to the legend, the king’s daughter, in despair, threw herself from the tower to avoid marrying a man she did not love, giving the tower its name, “Maiden Tower.”
Travel Tip: Visit the tower in the late afternoon to catch the sunset from the top, offering a magical view of Baku bathed in golden light.
2. Palace of the Shirvanshahs
The Palace of the Shirvanshahs is a stunning medieval complex and another must-see attraction in the Old City. Built in the 15th century, this palace was the seat of the Shirvanshah dynasty, which ruled over the region for centuries.
- The Main Palace: Explore the intricately designed halls and chambers of the main palace building, which was once the residence of the Shirvanshah rulers.
- Mosque and Mausoleum: The complex also includes a mosque and a mausoleum, where members of the royal family were buried. The architecture of these buildings reflects the Islamic art and design of the period.
- Divan Khan: A small octagonal building in the palace complex, thought to be a meeting place for royal council sessions.
Travel Tip: Take a guided tour to learn more about the fascinating history of the Shirvanshah dynasty and the significance of the various structures within the complex.
3. Caravanserais
As a key stop on the ancient Silk Road, Baku’s Old City was once home to several caravanserais, which served as inns for traveling merchants. Two of the most famous caravanserais that still stand today are the Multani Caravanserai and the Bukhara Caravanserai. These historic inns provide insight into the lives of traders who passed through Baku centuries ago.
- Multani Caravanserai: This building was built in the 14th century to host traders from Multan (modern-day Pakistan).
- Bukhara Caravanserai: Named after the merchants from Bukhara (modern-day Uzbekistan), this 15th-century building now serves as a restaurant, where visitors can enjoy traditional Azerbaijani cuisine while sitting in a piece of living history.
Travel Tip: Stop for a meal or a cup of tea at the Bukhara Caravanserai to experience the atmosphere of these ancient inns while enjoying local flavors.
4. Juma Mosque
The Juma Mosque, located in the heart of Icherisheher, is one of the oldest mosques in Baku. The mosque dates back to the 12th century but has been rebuilt and restored multiple times over the centuries. It features a stunning dome and a beautifully carved minaret that rises above the Old City.
- Architecture: The mosque’s architecture combines elements of traditional Islamic design with local Azerbaijani styles, making it a visually striking structure.
- Cultural Significance: The Juma Mosque remains an active place of worship, and visitors are welcome to enter and observe, though respectful behavior and modest dress are required.
Travel Tip: Visit the mosque in the morning when it’s quieter, allowing you to admire its architecture and historical details without the crowds.
5. Icherisheher Wall and Gates
The ancient walls and gates of Icherisheher have protected the city for centuries, and they still stand tall today, offering a glimpse into Baku’s defensive history.
- Double Gates (Gosha Gala Gapisi): These are the main entrance gates to the Old City, and they serve as a striking reminder of the fortress that once protected Baku from invaders.
- Walk Along the Walls: While the walls themselves are not accessible for walking, visitors can explore the area around them, where they can find quiet spots for taking in views of the Old City and modern Baku.
Travel Tip: The gates are a great spot for photos, especially during the golden hour, when the lighting enhances the historical charm of the walls.
Things to Do in Old City Baku
1. Stroll Through Narrow Streets
One of the best ways to experience the charm of Icherisheher is to simply wander through its narrow, winding streets. The Old City is full of hidden gems, including small shops selling traditional crafts, cozy cafés, and historical buildings tucked away from the main tourist routes.
- Souvenir Shopping: Visit the small artisan shops scattered throughout Icherisheher to pick up traditional Azerbaijani souvenirs, such as handwoven carpets, ceramics, and jewelry.
- Tea Houses: Stop at a local teahouse to enjoy a cup of Azerbaijani tea, served with a side of sweets and jams, while soaking in the historic ambiance of the Old City.
2. Visit the Miniature Book Museum
A hidden gem within the Old City, the Miniature Book Museum holds the world’s largest collection of tiny books. This quirky museum is a must-visit for book lovers and curious travelers alike. The collection features books from all over the world, with some so small that they can fit in the palm of your hand.
Travel Tip: The museum is free to enter, making it a perfect short stop during your exploration of Icherisheher.
3. Baku Old City Souvenir Shops
Old City Baku is also known for its vibrant souvenir shops. From handwoven carpets to intricate copperware, you’ll find a wide variety of traditional Azerbaijani crafts and gifts. Many of the items sold here are handmade by local artisans, making them unique and authentic keepsakes.
Travel Tip: Don’t be afraid to bargain with the shopkeepers, as it’s common practice in local markets.
Practical Information for Visiting Old City Baku
Getting There
The Old City is located in the heart of Baku and is easily accessible by public transportation, taxi, or on foot from other parts of the city.
- By Metro: The closest metro station is Icherisheher Station on the Red Line, which is just steps away from the Double Gates.
- By Taxi: Taxis are plentiful in Baku and can take you directly to the Old City’s entrance.
Opening Hours and Admission
The Old City itself is open to visitors at all times, but specific attractions like the Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs have set hours and admission fees.
- Maiden Tower: 10 AZN (~$6 USD)
- Palace of the Shirvanshahs: 15 AZN (~$9 USD)
Best Time to Visit
Icherisheher can be visited year-round, but the best time to explore the Old City is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant for walking and sightseeing.
Travel Tip: Avoid the midday heat in the summer months by visiting in the morning or late afternoon, when temperatures are cooler.
Conclusion: A Journey Through Time in Baku’s Old City
The Old City of Baku is a timeless gem that offers a glimpse into Azerbaijan’s rich history and cultural heritage. From its ancient monuments like the Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs to its charming narrow streets and caravanserais, Icherisheher is a must-see destination for any traveler visiting Baku.
